The language :
Croatian orthography is largely phonemic, which means that each phoneme--or distinctive sound--is represented by a single letter and each letter, in turn, generally represents a single sound. This contrasts dramatically with the English version of the Roman alphabet, in which a single letter may represent several different sounds (cf. the value of "u"in the words "cup", "rude" "dull" [American English] and "cute"), while a single sound may be spelled in several different ways (cf. the words "flu", "glue", "to", "too", "two", "shoe", "through", all with the identical vowel /u/.). The Croatian phonemes described below, as well as in the table representing the Croatian alphabet, are unambiguously transcribed in the symbols of the International Phonetic Association.
The Croatian language employs the Latin (or Roman) alphabet. All 30 letters are listed below. Some Croatian words look like jaw-breakers! Here are some tips to help pronounce them.
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Pronunciation:
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Sounds likes
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Croatian example
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Englisch translation
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a
|
father
|
ali
|
but
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b
|
bet
|
bolje
|
better
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c
|
tsaar
|
cesta
|
street
|
ć
|
tse-tse
|
ćebe
|
blanket
|
č
|
cheetah
|
čaša
|
glass
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d
|
dad
|
dobro
|
good
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đ
|
jeep
|
đon
|
sole
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dž
|
june
|
džep
|
pocket
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e
|
get
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engleski
|
Englisch
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f
|
for
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flaša
|
bottle
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g
|
garçon
|
gotovo
|
ready
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h
|
chaos
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hvala
|
thanks
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i
|
hit
|
izlaz
|
exit
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j
|
yes
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juha
|
soup
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k
|
keeper
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kruh
|
bread
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l
|
little
|
led
|
ice
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lj
|
lj
|
ljubav
|
love
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m
|
moon
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malo
|
small/ little
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n
|
nothing
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novac
|
money
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nj
|
onion
|
njuh
|
smell
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o
|
hot
|
obala
|
coast - shore- bank
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p
|
peter
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pivo
|
beer
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r
|
rope
|
račun
|
bill
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s
|
satan
|
sladoled
|
icecream
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š
|
sjaal
|
šunka
|
ham
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t
|
teake
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toplo
|
hot
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u
|
boom
|
ulje
|
oil
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v
|
velocity
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voda
|
water
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z
|
zenith
|
zastava
|
flag
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ž
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Jalousie
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žena
|
woman
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Brojevi - numbers :
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0
|
nula
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20
|
dvadeset
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1
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jedan
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21
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dvadeset i jedan
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2
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dva
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30
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trideset
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3
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tri
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33
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trideset i tri
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4
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četiri
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40
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četrdeset
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5
|
pet
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44
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četrdeset i četiri
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6
|
šest
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50
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petdeset
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7
|
sedam
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55
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petdeset i pet
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8
|
osam
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60
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šestdeset
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9
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devet
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70
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sedamdeset
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10
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deset
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80
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osamdeset
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11
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jedanaest
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90
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devetdeset
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12
|
dvanaest
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100
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sto
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13
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trinaest
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101
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sto i jedan
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14
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četrnaest
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200
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dvadeset
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15
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petnaest
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202
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dvjedeset i dva
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16
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šesnaest
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999
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devetsto devetdeset i devet
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17
|
sedamnaest
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1000
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tisuća
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18
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osamnaest
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1.000.000
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milijon
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19
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devetnaest
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1.000.000.000
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milijarda
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Days in a week/ dani u tjednu :
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ponedjeljak
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monday
|
utorak
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tuesday
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srijeda
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wednesday
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četvrtak
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Thursday
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petak
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Friday
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subota
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Saturday
|
nedelja
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Sunday
|
dan
|
day
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radni dan
|
working day
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praznik
|
holiday
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tjedan
|
week
|
nedelja
|
week
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mjesec
|
month
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godina
|
year
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danas
|
today
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jučer
|
yesterday
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prekjučer
|
the day before yesterday
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sutra
|
tomorrow
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preksutra
|
the day after tomorrow
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jutro
|
morning
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jutros
|
this morning
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podne
|
noon
|
popodne
|
afternoon
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večer
|
evening
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večeras
|
tonight
|
noć
|
night
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ponoć
|
midnight
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dnevno
|
daily
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kasno
|
late
|
rano
|
early
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uvijek
|
always
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Greetings !
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Dobro jutro !
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Good morning !
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Dobar Dan !
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Good day !
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Dobra Veče !
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Good evening !
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Laku Noć !
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Good night !
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Bog !
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Hallo !
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Živio !
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Cheers !
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Doviđenja !
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So long / good bye !
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Zbogom !
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So long / good bye !
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Dobro Došli !
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Welcome !
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Sretno!
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Good luck!
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Sretan put!
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A pleasant journey !
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The Croatian people have names for the months , but not use them . Useally they call the months by the number , first month, second month...
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January
|
siječanj
|
prvi mjesec
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February
|
veljača
|
drugi mjesec
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March
|
ožujak
|
treći mjesec
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April
|
travanj
|
četvrti mjesec
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May
|
svibanj
|
peti mjesec
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June
|
lipanj
|
šesti mjesec
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July
|
srpanj
|
sedmi mjesec
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August
|
kolovoz
|
osmi mjesec
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September
|
rujan
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deveti mjesec
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October
|
listopad
|
deseti mjesec
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November
|
studeni
|
jedanaesti mjesec
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December
|
prosinac
|
dvanaesti mjesec
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Seasons :
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proljeće
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spring
|
ljeto
|
sommer
|
jesen
|
fall
|
zima
|
winter
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Appointment titles:
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Gospodin
|
Sir
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Gospođa
|
Mrs.
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Gospođica
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Misses
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Roditelji
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Parents
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Otac - tata
|
father
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Majka - mama
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Mother
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Dijete
|
child
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Sin
|
son
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Kći- Kćer
|
daughter
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Brat
|
Brother
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Sestra
|
Sister
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Ujak
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Uncle: ( husband from sister from the mother )
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Ujna
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Aunt: ( sister from the mother )
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Tetak
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Uncle: ( husband from sister from the father )
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Tetka
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Aunt: ( sister from the father )
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Stric
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Uncle: ( brother from the father )
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Strina
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Aunt: ( wife from the father )
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Nećak
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cousin: ( sohn from sister / brother )
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Nećakinja
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cousin: ( daughter from sister / brother )
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Rođak
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cousin>: ( sohn from Aunte / Uncle )
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Rođakinja
|
cousin: ( daughter from Aunte / Uncle )
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Suprug- Muž
|
husband
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Supruga- Žena
|
wife
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Tast
|
father-in-law from the man
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Svekar
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father-in-law from the woman
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Punica
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mother-in-law from the man
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Svekrva
|
mother-in-law from the woman
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Zet
|
Son-in-law
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Snaha
|
daughter-in-law
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Djever
|
brother-in-law
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Surjak
|
brother-in-law
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Zaova
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Sister-in-law (your husbands sister)
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Surjakinja
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Sister-in-law
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Djed
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Grandfather
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Baka
|
Grandmother
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Unuk
|
Grandson
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Unuka
|
Granddaughter
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General expressions:
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Da
|
yes
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Ne
|
No
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Molim
|
please
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Hvala
|
thanks
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Ništa
|
no thanks
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Oprostite
|
I'm sorry
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Žao mi je
|
I'm sorry
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Gdje je
|
Where is ?
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Gdje su
|
Where are ?
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Kada
|
Wenn ?
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Kako
|
How ?
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Koliko
|
How many ?
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Koji
|
Witch ?
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Tko
|
Who ?
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Žasto
|
Why ?
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Što
|
What ?
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Ovdje
|
Were ?
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Tamo
|
There ?
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Lijevo
|
Left
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Desno
|
Right
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Pola
|
half
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Nekoliko
|
a few
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Hrvatski
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Croatisch
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Engleski
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Englisch
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Njemački
|
German
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Flamanski
|
Flemisch
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Dobro
|
Good
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Loše
|
bad
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Veliki
|
big
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Malo
|
little
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Puno
|
many
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Malo
|
small
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Skupo
|
Expensive
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Jeftino
|
cheap
|
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At the border:
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Vašu putovnicu, molim
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Your passport please
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Ličnu kartu
|
Identity card
|
Vozačku dozvolu
|
Drivers license
|
Papire od auta
|
Car papers
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Nemam ništa za prijaviti
|
I have nothing to indicate
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Ovo je za prijaviti
|
I want to indicate this
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Carina
|
Customs
|
Kontrola Putovnica
|
Passport control
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Građani Europske Unije
|
EC-nationals
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Roba za prijaviti
|
Goods declaration
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Čekajte ovdje
|
Wait here!
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Osobni automobili
|
Passenger cars
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The history of the Croatian language :
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1100
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The Baška Table, the first document with the written usage of the Croatian language.
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1177
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The citizens of Zadar greet Pope Alexander with songs in the Croatian language.
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1248
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The pope gives permission to the Bishop of Senj for celebrating church services in the Croatian language.
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1288
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The preparation of the Vinodol Code, in the Croatian language.
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1440
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The preparation of the political status in the Croatian language.
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1483
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Hrvoje s Missal, the first printed book in the Croatian language.
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1501
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M.Marulic completed Judita "u versih hrvacki" (in croatian poems).
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1604
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Bartol Kasic publishes the first croatian grammar.
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1756
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Pressing "Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskoga" from A.K.Miošić.
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1806
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II Region Dalmata - Kraljski Dalmatin, the first Croatian daily newspaper.
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1830
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Ljudevit Gaj, Kratka osnova hrvatsko-slovenskog pravopisanja (Foundations of the croatian spelling).
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1831
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Janko Draskovic, Disertacija (Dissertation), The main work of the illyrians movement (national revival).
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1835
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Novine horvatske, Danica horvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinska, croatian newspapers.
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1842
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The founding of the "Matica Hrvatska", national croatian culture institute and publishing company.
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1847
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The Croatian house of deputies declares Croatian to be the official language.
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1874
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The foundation of the Croatian University in Zagreb.
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